All the latest World to the West news, sales, achievements, videos and screenshots. All the latest World to the West news, sales, achievements, videos and screenshots.
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With, Rain Games takes us back to the world to which they first introduced us in, moving from a 2D platformer to a 2.5D puzzle adventure title in the process. It's a bold move considering that the charm of the original title was the clever and creative puzzles in the 2D world; however, Rain Games has managed to retain this charm and in the process has created an equally enchanting and engaging puzzle game, only with more characters, more skills and a larger world. All of this is delightfully packaged together, making this visit to Teslagrad even better than before.
The title is a single player, puzzle-based game, redolent of the early 16-bit Zelda games. Although the world itself is not quite as expansive as those original titles, it is revealed area by area as the player explores and travels through the land, both over the surface and through an equally large subterranean part of the world. It feels very different from the original game and yet it still retains similar elements from that title, challenging the player to find 36 tablets in place of the original scrolls.
The Teslamancer skills also make a welcome return.The story, however, is quite different. It is revealed in some part by character interactions but in more depth through the various carved tablets. Without spoiling the plot too much, the player takes on the role of four different characters. Each character has been wronged by the story's villain who is out to take over the world by controlling the climate. All of the player characters are eventually brought together by a shaman who recognizes that the world can only be saved by using their combined powers and skills.Initially, the player is introduced to each character separately through individual chapters of the story. Each character has different skills, although essentially each character will have a melee skill, a dash skill, and a ranged skill along with a very individual special skill. Not all of these are available at the start but individual quests allow the player to discover and eventually develop each of these skills.
The first character is the Teslamancer — a mage with electricity — and her blink ability enables her to teleport across areas and even through cage bars. There's an adventurer, a wrestler/boxer, and a small boy that has escaped from the mines owned by the evil tycoon. It's an eclectic bunch but all are needed and certain puzzles can only be solved by using a certain combination of these characters. It's here that the real beauty of the game comes through. Whilst traversing the world, the player will stumble on keys that are needed to open up new areas or one of the collectible tablets required to open the gate to the end game. Initially, these may seem out of reach or irrecoverable and that may certainly be the case depending on the character that the player is currently controlling.
However, when a new character comes into play, these seemingly unreachable items suddenly become attainable, allowing the player to progress further.Unfortunately, it's not quite that simple. Players can only swap characters at special Totem poles that are dotted across the world. These totems also act as save points and fast travel points, but there is a catch. A character only has access to them after they've discovered them for themselves.
It's a potentially divisive mechanism with each character having to discover each totem, meaning that there's a lot of backtracking that some may consider unnecessary and frustrating.With each character having different skills and therefore not always being able to take the same path as the previous character, it generally means that the player has to discover an alternative route for each character. This then becomes a challenge in itself. It's not enough simply to locate one of the objectives, the player has to work out what skills are required to retrieve it and how to get all of the necessary characters together at that specific location. It's a cunning way of adding an additional layer to the puzzle elements of the game. Traversing the world and discovering all of these items is the key to the game and the world is quite expansive.
There is a map that shows the areas that have been discovered, although not in enough detail to reveal where you have located tablets and keys. The player is challenged to remember the locations for themselves, not an easy task considering there are 36 tablets hidden in the world.
Fortunately, just like in the original game, the player doesn't have to find them all to unlock the gates to the final boss battle and end-game. For the completionists, maps that mark the locations on the world map can be bought from one of the in-game characters with the loot that slain enemies drop.Although the puzzles may be initially a little challenging, they are generally not too difficult, and this applies to the game as a whole. Enemies and the occasional boss fights are generally easy enough to overcome fairly quickly. There is nothing too taxing for the player and it feels almost relaxing to play. This feeling is reinforced by the charming and colorful cartoon graphics used to portray the world and its quirky characters. The soundtrack too is delightful and blends in seamlessly with the atmosphere of the game. It is all extremely well crafted and presented, and shows the increasing quality of games that are being produced by these independent studios.For the achievement hunters in the community, it may provide a little more of a challenge as there is an achievement linked to each hidden tablet in the game, thus 36 achievements plus one additional achievement for locating them all.
Summary World To The West is a 'Sunday stroll' type of game. It's pleasant and enjoyable without being too taxing or stressful for the player.
It's all well presented with a fun soundtrack playing in the background and the puzzle elements are challenging without becoming overly complex. In short, this is a well presented and a well crafted little puzzle-adventure if you can accept the necessary back-tracking as part of the overall puzzle. It may well be a little too straightforward for hardcore fans of the genre, but for most it will be an entertaining little diversion. It's another title that demonstrates the growing quality of the games from the ID@Xbox program.
Seen as the most beautiful god and the ideal of the (a beardless, athletic youth). The earliest depictions of would also be beardless and haloed.Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization, Occidental culture, the Western world, Western society, and European civilization, is the of, customs, and that originated in or are associated with. The term also applies beyond Europe to countries and cultures whose are strongly connected to Europe by immigration, colonization, or influence. For example, Western culture includes countries in the and, whose language and majorities are of European descent. Western culture is most strongly influenced by the and cultures.Ancient Greece is considered the birthplace of many elements of Western culture, including the development of a system of government and major advances in philosophy, science and mathematics. The expansion of Greek culture into the world of the led to a synthesis between Greek and cultures, and major advances in literature, engineering, and science, and provided the culture for the expansion of early Christianity and the Greek. This period overlapped with and was followed by Rome, which made key contributions in law, government, engineering and political organization.
The concept of a 'West' dates back to the, where there was a cultural divide between the, a divide that later continued in Medieval Europe between the Catholic west and the 'Greek' Eastern Orthodox east.Western culture is characterized by a host of artistic, philosophic, literary and themes and traditions., including the Roman, the, and, has played a in the since at least the 4th century, as did. A cornerstone of Western thought, beginning in and continuing through the and, is the idea of in various spheres of life developed by,. The Catholic Church was for centuries at the center of the development of the values, ideas, science, laws and institutions which constitute Western civilization. Later gave rise to the, the, and the.Western culture continued to develop with the during the Middle Ages, the reforms triggered by the and 13th century under the via and (including the transfer of technology from the East, and of and ), and the as fleeing the fall of the brought classical traditions and philosophy.
Is credited with creating the modern, the modern system, scientific, and (which would later influence the creation of ). Christianity played a role in ending practices common among societies, such as human sacrifice, slavery, infanticide and polygamy. The globalization by successive spread European ways of life and European educational methods around the world between the 16th and 20th centuries. European culture developed with a complex range of philosophy, medieval scholasticism, mysticism and Christian and secular humanism. Rational thinking developed through a long age of change and formation, with the of the Enlightenment and breakthroughs in the.
Tendencies that have come to define modern Western include the concept of, prominent or (such as movements) and increasing cultural resulting from. Post-1990 Huntington's major civilizations (Western is colored dark blue).The West as a geographical area is unclear and undefined. More often a country's ideology is what will be used to categorize it as a Western society. There is some disagreement about what nations should or should not be included in the category and at what times. Many parts of the are considered Western today but were considered Eastern in the past.
However, in the past it was also the Eastern Roman Empire that had many features now seen as 'Western,' preserving Roman law, which was first codified by in the east, as well as the traditions of scholarship around, and that were later introduced to Italy during the Renaissance by fleeing the fall of. Thus, the culture identified with East and West itself interchanges with time and place (from the ancient world to the modern).
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Geographically, the ' of today would include Europe (especially the states that collectively form the ) together with extra-European territories belonging to the, the, the; and the in the wider context. Since the context is highly biased and context-dependent, there is no agreed definition what the 'West' is.It is difficult to determine which individuals fit into which category and the East–West contrast is sometimes criticized as and arbitrary. Globalism has spread Western ideas so widely that almost all modern cultures are, to some extent, influenced by aspects of Western culture. Stereotyped views of 'the West' have been labeled, paralleling —the term for the 19th-century stereotyped views of 'the East'.As Europeans discovered the wider world, old concepts adapted. The area that had formerly been considered the ('the East') became the as the interests of the European powers interfered with and for the first time in the 19th century. Thus the in 1894–1895 occurred in the while the troubles surrounding the simultaneously occurred in the Near East. The term in the mid-19th century included the territory east of the, but West of China— and —is now used synonymously with 'Near East' in most languages.History.The earliest which influenced the development of Western culture were those of; the area of the, largely corresponding to modern-day, northeastern, southeastern and southwestern: the.
Similarly had a strong influence on Western culture.The contrasted themselves with both their (such as the in ) as well as their Western neighbours (who they considered ). Concepts of what is the West arose out of legacies of the and the. Later, ideas of the West were formed by the concepts of and the. What is thought of as Western thought today originates primarily from and influences, and includes the ideals of the, and the, as well as culture.Classical West.
While the concept of a 'West' did not exist until the emergence of the Roman Republic, the roots of the concept can be traced back to. Since literature (the ), through the accounts of the of against by, and right up until the time of, there was a of a contrast between Greeks and other civilizations. Greeks felt they were the most civilized and saw themselves (in the formulation of ) as something between the advanced civilisations of the (who they viewed as soft and slavish) and the wild of most of Europe to the west.Alexander's conquests led to the emergence of a, representing a synthesis of Greek and cultures in the region. The Near-Eastern civilizations of and the, which came under Greek rule, became part of the Hellenistic world. The most important Hellenistic centre of learning was, which attracted Greek, and even scholars. Hellenistic, and later provided a foundation embraced and built upon by the as it swept up Europe and the, including the Hellenistic world in its conquests in the 1st century BCE.Following the Roman conquest of the Hellenistic world, the concept of a 'West' arose, as there was a cultural divide between the.
The Latin-speaking consisted of and, while the Greek-speaking (later the ) consisted of the,. The 'Greek' East was generally wealthier and more advanced than the 'Latin' West. With the exception of, the wealthiest provinces of the Roman Empire were in the East, particularly which was the wealthiest Roman province outside of Italia. Nevertheless, the Celts in the West created some significant literature in the ancient world whenever they were given the opportunity (an example being the poet ), and they developed a large amount of scientific knowledge themselves (as seen in their ).
The at its greatest extent.For about five hundred years, the Roman Empire maintained the and consolidated a Latin West, but an East–West division remained, reflected in many cultural norms of the two areas, including language. Eventually, the empire became increasingly split into a Western and Eastern part, reviving old ideas of a contrast between an advanced East, and a rugged West. In the Roman world, one could speak of three main directions: North (Celtic tribal states and Parthians), the East ( lux ex oriente), and finally the South ( Quid novi ex Africa?), the latter conquered after the.From the time of Alexander the Great (the ), Greek civilization came in contact with Jewish civilization. Would eventually emerge from the of, and, gradually spreading across the and eclipsing its antecedents and influences. The rise of Christianity reshaped much of the Greco-Roman tradition and; the Christianised culture would be the basis for the development of Western civilization after the fall of Rome (which resulted from increasing pressure from barbarians outside Roman culture). Roman culture also mixed with, and cultures, which slowly became integrated into Western culture: starting mainly with their acceptance of Christianity.Medieval West. The most iconic cathedral, built between 1163 and 1345The Medieval West referred specifically to the Catholic 'Latin' West, also called 'Frankish' during 's reign, in contrast to the Orthodox East, where Greek remained the language of the.After the, much of Greco-Roman art, literature, science and even technology were all but lost in the western part of the old empire.
However, this would become the centre of a new West. Europe fell into political anarchy, with many warring kingdoms and principalities. Under the Frankish kings, it eventually, and partially, reunified, and the anarchy evolved into.Much of the basis of the post-Roman cultural world had been set before the fall of the, mainly through the integration and reshaping of Roman ideas through Christian thought.
The Greek and Roman had been completely replaced by around the 4th and 5th centuries, since it became the official State religion following the baptism of emperor. Christianity and the served as a unifying force in Christian parts of Europe, and in some respects replaced or competed with the secular authorities. The tradition out of which it had emerged was all but extinguished, and became increasingly entrenched or even integral to Christendom. Art and literature, law, education, and politics were preserved in the teachings of the Church, in an environment that, otherwise, would have probably seen their loss.
The founded many, and, some of which continue to exist today.After the, many of the classical Greek texts were translated into Arabic and preserved in the. The along with, and technology were and, sparking the and 13th century. A of the, revived and developed natural law fromis credited with creating the first modern universities. The Catholic Church established a hospital system in Medieval Europe that vastly improved upon the Roman valetudinaria and Greek healing temples. These hospitals were established to cater to 'particular social groups marginalized by poverty, sickness, and age,' according to historian of hospitals, Guenter Risse. The by.From, through the, and onwards, while Eastern Europe was shaped by the, Southern and Central Europe were increasingly stabilized by the which, as Roman imperial governance faded from view, was the only consistent force in Western Europe. In 1054 came the that, following the divide, separated Europe into religious and cultural regions present to this day.
Until the Age of Enlightenment, took over as the predominant force in Western civilization, guiding the course of philosophy, art, and science for many years. Movements in and, such as the movement of the and the movement of the, were motivated by a drive to connect with Greek and Arab thought imported by pilgrims. However, due to the division in caused by the and the Enlightenment, religious influence—especially the temporal power of the —began to wane.From the late 15th century to the 17th century, Western culture began to spread to other parts of the world through explorers and missionaries during the, and by from the 17th century to the early 20th century. During the, a term coined by the Western world overcame pre-modern growth constraints and emerged during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy world of the time, eclipsing, and the.
The process was accompanied and reinforced by the Age of Discovery and continued into the modern period. Scholars have proposed a wide variety of theories to explain why the Great Divergence happened, including lack of government intervention, geography, colonialism, and customary traditions.Early modern era. TheComing into the, the historical understanding of the East–West contrast—as the opposition of to its geographical neighbors—began to weaken. As religion became less important, and Europeans came into increasing contact with far away peoples, the old concept of Western culture began a slow evolution towards what it is today. The faded into the of the 18th century, during which cultural and intellectual forces in Western Europe emphasized reason, analysis, and individualism rather than traditional lines of authority.
It challenged the authority of institutions that were deeply rooted in society, such as the; there was much talk of ways to reform society with toleration, science and.Philosophers of the Enlightenment included, (1694–1778),. Influenced society by publishing widely read works. Upon learning about enlightened views, some rulers met with intellectuals and tried to apply their reforms, such as allowing for toleration, or accepting multiple religions, in what became known as. New ideas and beliefs spread around Europe and were fostered by an increase in literacy due to a departure from solely religious texts. Publications include (1751–72) that was edited. The (Philosophical Dictionary, 1764) and (1733) written by spread the ideals of the Enlightenment.Coinciding with the Age of Enlightenment was the, spearheaded by Newton. This included the emergence of, during which developments in, (including ) and transformed views of society and nature.
While its dates are disputed, the publication in 1543 of 's ( On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is often cited as marking the beginning of the scientific revolution, and its completion is attributed to the 'grand synthesis' of Newton's 1687.Industrial Revolution The was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of, the increasing use of, and the development of. These transitions began in Great Britain, and spread to Western Europe and North America within a few decades. The, made of iron and fueled primarily by, propelled the Industrial Revolution in and the world.The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists say that the major impact of the Industrial Revolution was that the for the general population began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to meaningfully improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries.
The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes. Per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern economy, while the Industrial Revolution began an era of per-capita in capitalist economies. Economic historians are in agreement that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in the history of humanity since the domestication of animals, plants and fire.The First Industrial Revolution evolved into the in the transition years between 1840 and 1870, when technological and economic progress continued with the increasing adoption of steam transport (steam-powered railways, boats, and ships), the large-scale manufacture of machine tools and the increasing use of machinery in steam-powered factories.
Post-Industrial Revolution Tendencies that have come to define modern Western include the concept of, prominent or (such as movements) and increasing cultural resulting from. Western culture has been heavily influenced by the, the Ages of and and the and.In the 20th century, in influence in many Western countries, mostly in the European Union where some member states have experienced falling church attendance and membership in recent years, and also elsewhere. (separating religion from politics and science) increased. Christianity remains the dominant religion in the Western world, where 70% are Christians.The West went through a series of great cultural and social changes between 1945 and 1980. The emergent (film, radio, television and recorded music) created a global culture that could ignore national frontiers. Literacy became almost universal, encouraging the growth of books, magazines and newspapers.
The influence of cinema and radio remained, while televisions became near essentials in every home.By the mid-, Western culture was exported worldwide, and the development and growth of international and (such as and the ) played a decisive role in modern. The West has contributed a great many technological, political, philosophical, artistic and religious aspects to modern international culture: having been a crucible of, democracy, industrialisation; the first major civilisation to seek to during the 19th century, the first to (beginning in at the end of the 19th century) and the first to put to use such technologies as,. The West invented, the and the; produced artists such as, and; developed sports such as, and; and transported humans to an for the first time with the.Arts and humanities. Detail of the showing (centre), his half-brothers (right) and, Bishop of in the (left). The Bayeux tapestry is one of the supreme achievements of the Norman.What is distinctive of is that it comments on so many levels-religious, humanistic, satirical, metaphysical, and the purely physical.
Some cultural and artistic modalities are characteristically Western in origin and form. While dance, music, visual art, story-telling, and architecture are human universals, they are expressed in the West in certain characteristic ways. European art pays deep tribute to human suffering.In Western dance, music, plays and other arts, the performers are only very infrequently masked. There are essentially no taboos against depicting a god, or other religious figures, in a representational fashion.Music.
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For modern Western music, see.In music, Catholic monks developed the first forms of modern Western musical notation in order to standardize liturgy throughout the worldwide Church, and an enormous body of religious music has been composed for it through the ages. This led directly to the emergence and development of European classical music, and its many derivatives. The style, which encompassed music, art, and architecture, was particularly encouraged by the post-Reformation Catholic Church as such forms offered a means of religious expression that was stirring and emotional, intended to stimulate religious fervor.The, and have their origins in Italy. Many developed in the West have come to see widespread use all over the world; among them are the, and the.
In turn, most European instruments have roots in earlier Eastern instruments that were. The solo, and the are also significant musical innovations of the West. And: picturedThe is a distinctively Western form of performance dance.
The is an important Western variety of dance for the elite. The, the, and the Irish are very well known Western forms of.and are considered the antecedents of modern, and forms such as, and are considered highly influential., with such luminaries as, and, is considered one of the most formative and important eras for modern drama.The, a popular culture dramatic form, originated in the United States first on radio in the 1930s, then a couple of decades later on television. The was also developed in the West in the middle of the 20th century. Was developed in the West in the 19th and 20th Centuries, from, and; with significant contributions from the, and other marginalized peoples.
Literature. Engraving byWhile epic literary works in verse such as the and Homer's are ancient and occurred worldwide, the prose as a distinct form of storytelling, with developed, consistent human characters and, typically, some connected overall plot (although both of these characteristics have sometimes been modified and played with in later times), was popularized by the West in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of course, extended prose fiction had existed much earlier; both novels of adventure and romance in the world and in Japan. 60 CE) and the by (c. 1000 CE) have been cited as the world's first major novel but they had a very limited long-term impact on literary writing beyond their own day until much more recent times.The novel, which made its appearance in the 18th century, is an essentially European creation.
This section does not any. Unsourced material may be challenged and.Find sources: – ( November 2017) Important Western architectural motifs include the, and columns, and the, and styles are still widely recognised, and used even today, in the West. Much of Western architecture emphasizes repetition of simple motifs, straight lines and expansive, undecorated planes.
A modern ubiquitous architectural form that emphasizes this characteristic is the, their modern equivalent first developed in New York, London, and Chicago. The predecessor of the skyscraper can be found in the. Medieval Christians believed that to seek the geometric, physical and mathematical principles that govern the world was to seek and worship God. Detail of a scene in the bowl of the letter 'P' with a woman with a set-square and dividers; using a compass to measure distances on a diagram. In her left hand she holds a square, an implement for testing or drawing right angles. She is watched by a group of students.
In the Middle Ages, it is unusual to see women represented as teachers, in particular when the students appear to be monks. She is most likely the personification of Geometry, based on Martianus Capella's famous book De Nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii 5th c., a standard source for allegorical imagery of the seven liberal arts. Illustration at the beginning of Euclid's Elementa, in the translation attributed to Adelard of Bath. Astronaut, pilot of the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, poses for a photograph beside the deployed during his Extravehicular Activity (EVA) on the lunar surface.A notable feature of Western culture is its strong emphasis and focus on innovation and invention through science and technology, and its ability to generate new processes, materials and material artifacts with its roots dating back to the Ancient Greeks. The as 'a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses' was fashioned by the 17th-century Italian, with roots in the work of medieval scholars such as the 11th-century and the 13th-century English friar.The Western world has been the leading force in the technological and scientific disciplines in modern history. According to the (DoSB) sponsored by the, 81 percent of the most significant scientists and mathematicians come from Europe compared to 76 percent in the Human Accomplishment set, numbers that rise to 94 and 91 percent respectively when the United States and are included.
The, and alone account for 72 percent of all the significant scientific figures in science from 1400 to 1950. Add in and the, and 80 percent of all significant figures are accounted for.By the of the inventor the were established in 1895. The prizes in, and were first awarded in 1901. The percentage of ethnically European noble prize winners during the first and second halves of the 20th century were respectively 98 and 94 percent. A study by the (MITI) – Japan's equivalent of the (DTI) – concluded that 54% of the world's most important inventions were British. Of the rest, 25% were American and 5% Japanese.The West is credited with the development of the and adapting its use into, and for the generation of.
The electrical, and most of the familiar electrical appliances, were inventions of the West. The and the are products whose genesis and early development were in the West. Stations are derived from the first constructed in Chicago in 1942.Communication devices and systems including the, the, and, and the were all invented by Westerners.
The, screen and were also invented in the West.Ubiquitous materials including, clear, and the plastics, and were discovered and developed or invented in the West. Iron and steel ships, bridges and first appeared in the West. And were invented by Westerners. Most of the were discovered and named in the West, as well as the contemporary to explain them. The, memory chip, and were all first seen in the West. The, the, the, and were all invented in the West., the, the and, all the varieties of, and, and light, ultraviolet and infrared, were all first developed and applied in Western laboratories, hospitals and factories. In medicine, the pure were created in the West.
The method of preventing, the treatment of, and the of disease were discovered by Westerners. The eradication of, was led by a Westerner,., and are important diagnostic tools developed in the West. Other important diagnostic tools of, including the methods of, and, were first devised by Westerners. So were the, the, and the., and, along with a host of other medically proven drugs, were first utilized to treat disease in the West. The study and are critical scientific techniques widely used in the West for medical purposes.
In mathematics, and, and were developed by Westerners. In biology, and the methods of are creations of the West. In physics, the science of and, and were all developed by Westerners. The discoveries and inventions by Westerners in include (1785), the first (1800), the unity of (1820), (1820), (1827), and (1871). The, and were all unveiled by Westerners.
In business, economics, and finance, and the were all first used in the West.Westerners are also known for their explorations of the globe. The first expedition to (1522) was by Westerners, as well as the first journey to the (1911), and the (1969). The (2004 and 2012) and on an (2001), the explorations of the outer planets ( in 1986 and in 1989), 's passage into interstellar space (2013), and ' flyby of (2015) were significant recent Western achievements. Main article:The roots of modern-day Western mass media can be traced back to the late 15th century, when began to operate throughout. Baron, founder of the, and considered father of the modern.Since, sport has been an important facet of Western cultural expression.
A wide range of sports was already established by the time of and the military culture and the development of sports in Greece influenced one another considerably. Sports became such a prominent part of their culture that the Greeks created the, which in ancient times were held every four years in a small village in the called. Baron, a Frenchman, instigated the modern revival of the Olympic movement. The first modern Olympics were held at.The Romans built immense structures such as the in Rome to house their festivals of sport. The Romans exhibited a passion for, such as the infamous battles that pitted contestants against one another in a fight to the death.
The Olympic Games revived many of the sports of —such as, and.The sport of is a traditional spectacle of Spain, Portugal, southern France, and some Latin American countries. It traces its roots to prehistoric and and is often linked to, where many human-versus-animal events were held. Bullfighting spread from Spain to its American colonies, and in the 19th century to France, where it developed into a distinctive form in its own right.and hunting were popular sports in the Western Europe of the, and the aristocratic classes of Europe developed passions for leisure activities. A great number of popular global sports were first developed or codified in Europe. The modern game of originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is 's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning. The that began in Britain in the 18th Century brought increased leisure time, leading to more time for citizens to attend and follow spectator sports, greater participation in athletic activities, and increased accessibility.
These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. The bat and ball sport of was first played in England during the 16th century and was exported around the globe via the. A number of popular modern sports were devised or codified in Britain during the 19th Century and obtained global prominence—these include, modern, and.Football (also known as ) remains hugely popular in Europe, but has grown from its origins to be known as the world game. Similarly, sports such as cricket, rugby, and netball were exported around the world, particularly among countries in the, thus India and Australia are among the strongest cricketing nations, while victory in the has been shared among the Western states of New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, and England., an Australian variation of football with similarities to and evolved in the British in the mid-19th century. The United States also developed unique variations of English sports.
English migrants took antecedents of to America during the colonial period. The history of can be traced to early versions of rugby football. Many games are known as 'football' were being played at colleges and universities in the United States in the first half of the 19th century. American football resulted from several major divergences from rugby, most notably the rule changes instituted by, the 'Father of American Football'.
Was invented in 1891 by, a Canadian physical education instructor working in Springfield, Massachusetts in the United States.Themes and traditions. A painting by an anonymous Italian from the first half of the 19th century, oil on canvas.Western culture has developed many themes and traditions, the most significant of which are:. Greco-Roman classic letters, arts, architecture, philosophical and cultural tradition, which include the influence of preeminent authors and philosophers such as, and, as well as a long. ethical, philosophical, and tradition, stemming largely from the, particularly the Gospels. Monasteries, book making, teaching, and lecture halls.
A tradition of the importance of., and Enlightenment thought. This set the basis for a new critical attitude and open questioning of religion, favouring and questioning of the church as an authority, which resulted in open-minded and reformist ideals inside, such as, which partly adopted these currents, and secular and political tendencies such as, and. Generalized usage of some form of the or, and derived forms, such as, used by those southern and eastern Slavic countries of tradition, historically under the and later within the Russian or area of influence.
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